History
The phrase begs the question is a translation of the Latin petitio principii, which refers to a logical fallacy identified in classical rhetoric and medieval scholastic philosophy. It originally described arguing in a circle by assuming the conclusion within the premises.
Medieval logicians used petitio principii to critique arguments that took for granted what they were supposed to prove. Over time, English scholars in the 16th century began translating it directly as “begs the question,” embedding it into the vernacular of debate and critique.
Meaning
Today, begs the question most commonly refers to a form of circular reasoning where the argument’s conclusion is included in its premise—essentially, assuming what needs to be proven.
Example: Saying “We know he’s honest because he says he’s honest” begs the question, as the claim’s truth depends on itself.
While its original logical sense remains vital in critical thinking, popular usage often shifts it to mean “raises the question,” which can lead to confusion and debate among language purists.